ADHD and Migraine: Exploring the Connection and Pathways to Relief

Unless you've been out of the loop lately, you've probably noticed the rise in ADHD diagnoses, especially among women nearing peri-menopause. Many of my clients have shared that they've recently been diagnosed with ADHD or suspect they may have ADHD.

This shift has led me to dive deeper into understanding ADHD, particularly as I began noticing a surprising overlap between symptoms and drivers of both ADHD and migraine episodes. Research is also starting to confirm what I've observed—there’s a growing body of evidence pointing to a link between ADHD and a higher likelihood of experiencing migraine attacks.

Here's what recent studies reveal about this connection:

1. Higher Prevalence of Migraine in ADHD

Studies have found that people with ADHD are more likely to report living with migraine than those without ADHD. A 2020 review suggested that ADHD symptoms could increase migraine susceptibility. The connection may stem from shared genetic and neurobiological pathways, such as dopaminergic dysfunction, which plays a role in both conditions.

2. Shared Risk Factors

Genetic studies suggest that both ADHD and migraine may share specific risk genes related to neurotransmitter regulation, particularly dopamine and serotonin. Lifestyle factors—such as stress, sleep issues, and diet—often present challenges for individuals with ADHD and can exacerbate both ADHD symptoms and migraine episodes.

3. Emotional and Behavioural Impact

Both ADHD and migraine can impact emotional regulation and mood, adding to the difficulties of managing either condition alone. People with both conditions often report challenges with concentration, executive function, and emotional control, affecting their overall quality of life.

While this area of research is still developing, findings across studies suggest that ADHD and migraine may indeed co-occur more often than expected.

Hormonal Changes and Their Impact on ADHD and Migraine in Perimenopause

For many women, perimenopause—typically occurring in the late 30s to early 50s—brings about fluctuations in oestrogen and progesterone levels, which can influence both ADHD symptoms and migraine episodes. Oestrogen, in particular, plays a significant role in brain function, affecting mood, focus, and pain perception.

As oestrogen levels decline and fluctuate during perimenopause, some women may notice changes in their mental clarity, emotional balance, and susceptibility to migraine attacks.

How Hormones Affect ADHD Symptoms

For women with ADHD, these hormonal shifts can make symptoms more pronounced. Oestrogen enhances the availability of dopamine and serotonin, two neurotransmitters essential for mood, attention, and impulse control. During perimenopause, when oestrogen levels are less consistent, women may experience increased distractibility, irritability, and difficulty with executive function—symptoms commonly associated with ADHD.

Hormonal Influence on Migraine Episodes

Hormonal changes are also a well-known trigger for migraine attacks, particularly in women. The drop in oestrogen that occurs before menstruation has long been associated with menstrual migraine headaches, and similar fluctuations during perimenopause can lead to an increase in migraine frequency and intensity. Oestrogen has a protective effect against migraine, and as levels drop, many women experience more frequent or severe migraine episodes.

The Combined Impact of ADHD and Migraine in Perimenopause

For women managing both ADHD and migraine, the hormonal fluctuations of perimenopause can present a unique challenge. The interplay between shifting hormones, ADHD symptoms, and migraine triggers can make this a particularly challenging time. Addressing hormonal health alongside strategies for ADHD and migraine management can help mitigate these compounded effects.

Supporting Both ADHD and Migraine Holistically

Interestingly, some of the key drivers in managing ADHD and migraine overlap. In my practice as a naturopath, I find that focusing on these areas can result in significant improvement in symptoms for both conditions:

• Hormonal Balance: Supporting hormonal health can reduce the intensity of perimenopausal symptoms that exacerbate both ADHD and migraine.

• Digestive Health: A balanced gut can support overall brain health and improve neurotransmitter function.

• Neurotransmitter Production: Supporting dopamine and serotonin levels may help ease symptoms of ADHD and migraine.

• Blood Sugar Balance: Stable blood sugar helps manage energy and mood swings, which can benefit those with ADHD and migraine.

• Stress Management: Chronic stress can worsen symptoms, so learning stress reduction techniques can be invaluable.

• Eliminating Problem Foods: Identifying and avoiding trigger foods can reduce both migraine episodes and ADHD symptoms.

• Nutrient Support: Key nutrients may help the nervous system function optimally.

• Emotional Support: Emotional regulation support can be beneficial for managing both ADHD and migraine impacts on mental health.

If you're dealing with ADHD, migraine, or both, consider exploring these supportive measures. There’s no one-size-fits-all solution, but a holistic approach can offer pathways to better well-being.

Are you interested in learning more about natural support for ADHD, migraine, and hormonal health during perimenopause? Reach out to schedule a consultation, and let’s explore personalised strategies to help you feel your best.